Climate change affects fish habitats and distribution globally, posing significant risks to fish populations and the livelihoods of individuals in the fisheries sector, thereby impacting the global economy. This literature-based study focuses on the impacts of climate change on Papua New Guinea's fisheries industry and beyond. Utilising databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Social Science Research Network, and ProQuest, the study reviewed twenty-five scholarly papers and official reports. The literature identified issues around food security, social security, economic security, health security, environmental security, geopolitical and marine security, as well as insurance and risk management. The literature also revealed that fisheries play a crucial role in providing livelihoods, ensuring food security, and promoting economic growth not only in Papua New Guinea but also in other parts of the world. The study proposed the climate change impact model showing the complex relationship between climate change impacts and fisheries. It is recommended that policymakers, fishermen, and coastal communities prioritise the implementation of sustainable fishing strategies. Additionally, they should also take proactive actions to adapt to and minimise the adverse effects of climate change. This study enhances our understanding of the impacts of climate change on Papua New Guinea's fisheries sector, emphasising the consequences for local livelihoods, ecosystems, and economic viability.